Eka Movement or Unity Movement

• Towards the end of 1921, peasant discontent surfaced again in the districts of Hardoi, Bahraich and Sitapur (UP), with grievances relating to                                                                                    (i) High rents- 50 per cent higher than the recorded rates;                                                              (ii) Oppression of thikadars in charge of revenue collection;                                                          (iii) Practice of share-rents.
• The meetings of the Eka or the Unity Movement involved a symbolic religious ritual in which the assembled peasants vowed that they would                                                                                    Pay only the recorded rent but would pay it on time;                                                                  Not leave when evicted;                                                                                                                Refuse to do forced labour;                                                                                                          Give no help to criminals;                                                                                                            Abide by panchayat decisions.
• The grassroot leadership of the Eka Movement came from Madari Pasi and other low-caste leaders, and many small zamindars.
• Congress and Khilafat leaders provided the initial thrust to the peasant grievances and the movement grew under the name Eka or unity movement. 
• With grass-root leadership not in favour of non- violence taking over the movement, the authorities succeeded in bringing it to an end. 
• The Kisan movements were also over shadowed by the Non-Cooperation Movement in UP. 
• By March 1922, severe repression by authorities brought the movement to an end.